Transmission Control Protocol and Cisco Public Information Free Essays

string(48) " is opened is the same as the original capture\." Learning Objectives Be able to explain the purpose of a protocol analyzer (Wireshark). Be able to perform basic PDU capture using Wireshark. Be able to perform basic PDU analysis on straightforward network data traffic. We will write a custom essay sample on Transmission Control Protocol and Cisco Public Information or any similar topic only for you Order Now Experiment with Wireshark features and options such as PDU capture and display filtering. Background Wireshark is a software protocol analyzer, or â€Å"packet sniffer† application, used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and protocol development, and education. Before June 2006, Wireshark was known as Ethereal. A packet sniffer (also known as a network analyzer or protocol analyzer) is comput er software that can intercept and log data traffic passing over a data network. As data streams travel back and forth over the network, the sniffer â€Å"captures† each protocol dat a unit (PDU) and can decode and analyze its content according to the appropriate RFC or other specifications. Wireshark is programmed to recognize the structure of different network protocols. This enables it to display the encapsulati on and individual fields of a PDU and interpret their meaning. It is a useful tool for anyone working with networks and can be used with most labs in the CCNA courses for data analysis and troubleshooting. For information and to download the program go to -http://www. Wireshark. org Scenario To capture PDUs the computer on which W ireshark is installed must have a working connection to the network and Wireshark must be running before any data can be captured. W hen Wireshark is launched, the screen below is displayed. To start data capture it is first necessary to go to the Capture menu and select the Options choice. The Options dialog provides a range of settings and filters which determines which and how much data traffic is captured. All contents are Copyright  © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 2 of 12 First, it is necessary to ensure that Wireshark is set to monitor the correct interface. From the Interface drop down list, select the network adapter in use. Typically, for a computer this will be the connected Ethernet Adapter. Then other Options can be set. Among those available in Capture Options, the two highlighted below are worth examination. Setting Wireshark to capture packets in promiscuous mode If this feature is NOT checked, only PDUs destined for this computer will be captured. If this feature is checked, all PDUs d estined for this computer AND all those detected by the computer NIC on the same network segment (i. e. , those that â€Å"pass by† the NI C but are not destined for the computer) are captured. Note: The capturing of these other PDUs depends on the intermediary device connecting the end device computers on this network. As you use different intermediary devices (hubs, switches, routers) thro ughout these courses, you will experience the different Wireshark results. Setting Wireshark for network name resolution This option allows you to control whether or not Wireshark translates network addresses found in PDUs into names. Although th is is a useful feature, the name resolution process may add extra PDUs to your captured data perhaps distorting the analysis. There are also a number of other capture filtering and process settings available. Clicking on the Start button starts the data capture process and a message box displays the progress of this process. All contents are Copyright  © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 3 of 12 As data PDUs are captured, the types and number are indicated in the message box The examples above show the capture of a ping process and then accessing a web page . When the Stop button is clicked, the capture process is terminated and the main screen is displayed . This main display window of Wireshark has three panes. All contents are Copyright  © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document i s Cisco Public Information. Page 4 of 12 The PDU (or Packet) List Pane at the top of the diagram displays a summary of each packet captured. By clicking on packets in this pane, you control what is displayed in the other two panes. The PDU (or Packet) Details Pane in the middle of the diagram displays the packet selected in the Packet List Pane in more de tail. The PDU (or Packet) Bytes Pane at the bottom of the diagram displays the actual data (in hexadecimal form representing the actual binary) from the packet selected in the Packet List Pane, and highlights the field selected in the Packet Details Pane . Each line in the Packet List corresponds to one PDU or packet of the captured d ata. If you select a line in this pane, more details will be displayed in the â€Å"Packet Details† and â€Å"Packet Bytes† panes. The example above shows the PDUs captured when the ping utilit y was used and http://www. Wireshark. org was accessed. Packet number 1 is selected in this pane. The Packet Details pane shows the current packet (selected in the â€Å"Packet List† pane) in a more detailed form. This pane show s the protocols and protocol fields of the selected packet. The protocols and fields of the packet are disp layed using a tree, which can be expanded and collapsed. The Packet Bytes pane shows the data of the current packet (selec ted in the â€Å"Packet List† pane) in what is known as â€Å"hexdump† style. In this lab, this pane will not be examined in detail. However, when a more in -depth analysis is required this displayed information is useful for examining the binary values and content o f PDUs. All contents are Copyright  © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 5 of 12 The information captured for the data PDUs can be saved in a file. This file can then be opened in Wireshark f or analysis some time in the future ithout the need to re-capture the same data traffic again. The information displayed when a capture file is opened is the same as the original capture. You read "Transmission Control Protocol and Cisco Public Information" in category "Papers" When closing a data capture screen or exiting Wireshark you are pr ompted to save the captured PDUs. Click ing on Continue without Saving closes the file or exits Wireshark without saving the displayed captured data. Task 1: Ping PDU Capture Step 1: After ensuring that the standard lab topology and configuration is correct, launch Wireshark on a computer in a lab pod. Set the Capture Options as described above in the overview and start the capture process. From the command line of the computer, ping the IP address of another network connected and powered on end device on in the lab topology. In this case, ping the Eagle Server at using the command ping 192. 168. 254. 254. After receiving the successful replies to the ping in the command line window, stop the packet capture. Step 2: Examine the Packet List pane. The Packet List pane on Wireshark should now look something like this: Look at the packets listed above; we are interested in packet numbers 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14 and 15. Locate the equivalent packets on the packet list on your computer. All contents are Copyright  © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Pa ge 6 of 12 If you performed Step 1A above match the messages displayed in the command line window when th e ping was issued with the six packets captured by Wireshark . From the Wireshark Packet List answer the following: What protocol is used by ping? ________ICMP______________________ What is the full protocol name? ___Internet Control Message Protocol____ What are the names of the two ping messages? _____Echo Request____ _____Echo Reply____________________________________ Are the listed source and destination IP addresses what you expected? Yes / N o Why? ___________________________________ Answers may vary-Yes, the source address is my computer and the destination is the Eagle server Step 3: Select (highlight) the first echo request packet on the list with the mouse. The Packet Detail pane will now display something similar to: Click on each of the four â€Å"+† to expand the information. The packet Detail Pane will now be similar to: All contents are Copyright  © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 7 of 12 As you can see, the details for each section and protocol can be expanded further. Spend some time scrolling through this information. At this stage of the course, you may not fully understand the information displayed but make a note of the information you do recognize. Locate the two different types of ‘Source† and â€Å"Destination†. Why are there two types? The Ethernet II shows the MAC addresses and the Internet Protocol shows the IP addresses What protocols are in the Ethernet frame? ___ eth:ip:icmp:data ___________________________________ As you select a line in the Packets Detail pane all or part of the information in the Packet Bytes pane als o becomes highlighted. For example, if the second line (+ Ethernet II) is highlighted in the Details pane the Bytes pane no w highlights the corresponding values. This shows the particular binary values that represent that information in the PDU. At this stage of the course, it is not necessary to understand this information in detail. Step 4: Go to the File menu and select Close. Click on Continue without Saving when this message box appears. Task 2: FTP PDU Capture Step 1: Start packet capture. Assuming Wireshark is still running from the previous steps, start packet capture by clicking on the Start option on the Capture menu of Wireshark. At the command line on your computer running Wireshark, enter ftp 192. 168. 254. 254 When the connection is established, enter anonymous as the user without a password. Userid: anonymous All contents are Copyright  © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 8 of 12 Password: You may alternatively use login with userid cisco and with password cisco. When successfully logged in enter get /pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. . 0. exe and press the enter key . This will start downloading the file from the ftp server. The output wil l look similar to: C:Documents and Settingsccna1ftp eagle-server. example. com Connected to eagle-server. example. com. 220 Welcome to the eagle-server FTP service. User (eagle-server. example. com:(none)): anonymous 331 Please specify the passwo rd. Password: 230 Login successful. ftp get /pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. xe (6967072 bytes). 226 File send OK. ftp: 6967072 bytes received in 0. 59Seconds 11729. 08Kbytes/sec. When the file download is complete enter quit ftp quit 221 Goodbye. C:Documents and Settingsccna1 When the file has successfully downloaded, stop the PDU capture in Wireshark. Step 2: Increase the size of the Wireshark Packet List pane and scroll through the PDUs listed. Locate and note those PDUs associated with the file download. These will be the PDUs from the Layer 4 protocol TCP and the Layer 7 protocol FTP. Identify the three groups of PDUs associated with the file transfer. If you performed the step above, match the packets with the messages and prompts in the FTP command line window. The first group is associated with the â€Å"connection† phase and logging into the server . List examples of messages exchanged in this phase. Answers will vary- 1292 ftp [SYN], FTP 1292 [SYN, ACK], Response: 220 Welcome to the eagle -server FTP service, 1292 ftp [ACK], Request: User anonymous, Response: 331 Please specify the password, Request: Pass Locate and list examples of messages exchanged in the second phase that is the actual download request and the data transfer. Answers will vary- FTP Data: 1448 bytes, 1294 ftp-data [ACK], All contents are Copyright  © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 9 of 12 The third group of PDUs relate to logging out and â€Å"breaking the connection†. List examples of messages exchanged during this process. Answers will vary- Request:QUIT, Response: 221 Goodbye, 1292 ftp [FIN, ACK], ftp 1292 [FIN, ACK] Locate recurring TCP exchanges throughout the FTP process. What feature of TCP does this indicate? __Send and receipt of data____________________________________________ Step 3: Examine Packet Details. Select (highlight) a packet on the list associated with the first phase of the FTP process. View the packet details in the Details pane. What are the protocols encapsulated in the frame? ____ Eth:ip:tcp:ftp-data ______________________________________ Highlight the packets containing the user name and password. Examine the highlighted portion in the Packet Byte pane. What does this say about the security of this FTP login process ? _____ Security isn’t very high because the name and password are visible. ___________ Highlight a packet associated with the second phase. From any pane, locate the packet containing the f ile name. The filename is: ___gaim-1. 5. 0. exe__________ Highlight a packet containing the actual file content -note the plain text visible in the Byte pane. Highlight and examine, in the Details and Byte panes, some packets exchanged in the third phase o f the file download. What features distinguish the content of these packets ? ____ A [FIN, ACK] is issued to close the connection. __________________ When finished, close the Wireshark file and continue without saving Task 3: HTTP PDU Capture Step 1: Start packet capture. Assuming Wireshark is still running from the previous steps, start packet capture by clicking on the Start option on the Capture menu of Wireshark. Note: Capture Options do not have to be set if continuing from previous steps of thi s lab. Launch a web browser on the computer that is running Wireshark. All contents are Copyright  © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 10 of 12 Enter the URL of the Eagle Server of example. com or enter the IP address-192. 168. 54. 254. When the webpage has fully downloaded, stop the Wireshark packet capture. Step 2: Increase the size of the Wireshark Packet List pane and scroll through the PDUs listed. Locate and identify the TCP and HTTP packets associated with the webpage download. Note the similarity between this message exchange and the FTP exchange. Step 3: In the Packet List pane, highlight an HTTP packet that has the not ation â€Å"(text/html)† in the Info column. In the Packet Detail pane click on the â€Å"+† next to â€Å"Line-based text data: html† When this information expands what is displayed? ____HTML code for the web page__________________________ Examine the highlighted portion of the Byte Panel. This shows the HTML data carried by the packet. When finished close the Wireshark file and continue without saving Task 4: Reflection Consider the encapsulation information pertaining to captured network data Wireshark can provide. Relate this to th e OSI and TCP/IP layer models. It is important that you can recognize and link both the protocols represented and the protocol layer a nd encapsulation types of the models with the information provided by Wireshark. Task 5: Challenge Discuss how you could use a protocol analyzer such as Wireshark to: (1) Troubleshoot the failure of a webpage to download successfully to a browser on a computer. and (2) Identify data traffic on a network that is requested by users. Answers could vary-Wireshark could show when request for a web page failed due to incorrect URL. User traffic could be monitored to identify errors in source or destination. All contents are Copyright  © 1992–2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public Information. Page 11 of 12 How to cite Transmission Control Protocol and Cisco Public Information, Papers

Macbeth By William Shakespeare Essay Example For Students

Macbeth By William Shakespeare Essay In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth unconsciously uses Macbeth and others as a shield for guilt. When she wants something but doesnt have the guts to perform the task herself, she calls upon anyone but herself to do it. She thinks that this will erase her conscience of any guilt it has on it, but the shield is faulty. The first and most obvious of all places where this shield is placed is in the first two acts where Lady Macbeth is trying to convince her husband to kill King Duncan and become King of Scotland. She persuades by attacking Macbeths manliness,Was the hope drunkWherein you dressed yourself? Hath it slept since?And wakes it now, to look so green and paleAt what it did so freely? From this timeSuch I account thy love. Art thou afeardTo be the same in thine own act and valorAs thou art in desire? Wouldst thou have thatWhich thou esteemst the ornament of lifeAnd live a coward in thine own esteem,Letting ?I dare not wait upon ?I would,Like the poor cat I th adage?(I, vii, 39-49)By doing this, she manages to get Macbeth to kill King Duncan, however, in the end, she knows she is just as guilty as he is. Her guilt emerges in her visions of blood remaining on her hands,The Thane of Fife had a wife. Where isshe now? What, will these hands neer be clean? Nomore o that, my lord, no more o that. Yo u mar allwith this starting.(V, I, 44-47)Another less obvious place where Lady Macbeth uses others to shield her guilt is when Banquo is murdered. Both MacBeth and Lady MacBeth discuss their fear of Banquo knowing too much, and Lady MacBeth resolves to do nothing and leaves the chore up to her husband. After finding out about it, Lady MacBeth tells herself it wasnt her fault, but deep inside she knows it is just as much her as it is MacBeth who killed Banquo,Wash your hands. Put on your night-gown. Look not so pale. I tell you yet again, Ban-quos buried; he cannot come out on ?s grave.(V, I, 65-68)These examples show how Lady MacBeth used her husband to shield away the guilt. What she didnt expect was that it wouldnt work, and the blow of the guilt from murdering so many people strictly for power was too much for her weak shield. Emotionally she suffered and it drove her to talking her own life. She ineffectively tried to block off what was destined to come her way.

Implications Occupational Rapists Aotearoa â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Implications Occupational Rapists Aotearoa? Answer: Introducation Clinical governance may be defined as the comprehensive as well as new and powerful mechanism that ensures high standard of clinical care which needs to be followed throughput NHS. It also focuses on the continuous improvement of the service for better service delivery for the patients. Some of the elements which when followed by the healthcare professionals bring out positive result in patient care are teamwork, ownership, proper resource effectiveness, better patient care, proper learning effectiveness as well as leadership (Gauls and Horsburgh, 2014). There are five important elements of the clinical governance which when achieved properly will lead to safe, culturally competent practice that will result in better patient satisfaction. These are openness, clinical effectiveness, training and education, research and development. clinical audits and risk managements (Prenestini et al., 2015). Clinical governance framework in healthcare New Zealand Openness and transparency Openness in the discussions about healthcare, its issues, positive as well as negative aspects by both healthcare professionals, government as well as normal citizens is necessary to provide a transparency to the entire clinical governance framework. Stalwarts are of the opinion that processes which are wide open for the benefit of public scrutiny is essential. However care should be taken that it does not breach ethical concerns and therefore it should respect confidentiality of individual patients as well as the professionals. Each and every matter regarding healthcare should be discussed openly which is indeed an important part of the quality assurance. Clinical effectiveness Clinical effectiveness may be defined as the measure of the limit to which a particular intervention is found to be useful. The effectiveness of the intervention needs to be measured by not only the efficiency that the intervention accompanies or the amount of safety it ensures. It also covers the importance of using interventions whose positive aspects are proved through randomized trials (Smith et al., 2014). Development of proper guidelines and protocols based on different evidence based practices has become the main foundations of clinical governance and therefore help in guiding the professional in correct way. Clinical effectiveness also depend on the continuity of care, holistic care depending on the patients needs as well as a sensitive care based on the personal preferences of the patients needs. Education and training Each and every healthcare professionals should be well acquainted with the modern practice, modern technologies used in healthcare in the different medical innovations going on. Often the training provided the professional before they join their profession gets outdated as medical science is always on a roll and come up with more beneficial prospects every time. Therefore, professionals should try their best to participate in continuous professional development so that they can learn modern skill, enhance their knowledge, and develop understanding of recent modern technologies and others. All thee will ensure a better acre for patient with higher patient satisfaction. Funding of the training sessions have been an issue in the healthcare centers but different funding systems has been initiated which ensures that all the professionals get scope for development. Research and development Continuous research and development are extremely important in clinical governance as they help in ensuring the safety of application of different interventions and practices. The time taken between the establishment of the effectiveness of certain interventions and then applying to medical practice should be reduced so that better care can be delivered and morbidity level can be decreased (Galletly et al., 2016). For the promotion of implementation of the research evidence in the healthcare setting, different tools which are useful are critical appraisal of literatures form famous journals, project management, and also the development of protocols and guidelines and other implementation strategies. Risk management Providing healthcare is a risky profession and therefore all the important stakeholders should be properly aware and educated so that the risk can be avoided. If the patients comply with the different statutory regulations, they can avoid risk. They should make themselves educated about their health issues so that they can maintain their symptom effectively. The practitioners can avoid risks of infections by immunizing the properly and developing a safe environment. They should also provide interventions which are up to date and follow cultural competence o that they may be safe form legal and ethical concerns. Besides reducing risks for patients and professionals, the organization should also reduce the risk on them by ensuring proper high quality employment and well designed policies on public involvement. Clinical audits Clinical audits may be defined as the evaluation method which mainly acts by reviewing the clinical performance of the professionals and thereby nursing such professional according to a given standards to find scope of betterments (Weller, Boyd Cumin, 2014). These are usually conducted by eminent and experienced professionals and researchers who tend to bring out either a qualitative or quantitative analysis of the performance, scope of betterments, requirement of individual training and other, these ensures a safe environment in the healthcare and identifies the necessities in development of skill and knowledge of the professionals of mark the changes needed by the organization. Clinical governance structure in healthcare New Zealand: Governance in healthcare services in New Zealand is multifaceted. They are mainly based on the four important pillars that build the structure of the entire systems in the nation. These are accountability, transparency, probity as well as fiduciary duty. These are mainly operationalised with the help of another four components. These are professional maturity which means the ability of an individual to be accountable for his or she owns decisions making in governance. It is basically a dimension of decision making based on professional experience life experience, education as well as technical skills. The next important components of the structure is maintaining the quality and safety of the different healthcare centers by proper funding of the government, proper allocation of the resources and ensuring allocation of competent and responsible professionals (Galletly et al., 2016). Quality and safety are guided by proper guidelines, rules, audit, professional thesis, morality of clini cian and institutional memory. The third is the balanced level of power and tensions between the stakeholders with robust debate, recognition of others competence, transparency in organizations and confidence boosting. The balance can be maintained by economic rationality, ideologies, cultural power, conflict of interest and profession hood Clinical governance principles in healthcare New Zealand: A harmonious relationship should be present among all the stakeholders, patient-professionals, intra-professionals, and also of the stakeholders within the organization. This can be done through respecting each others suggestions, decisions, emotions and properly communicating issues and congratulating others achievements. A Culture of trust between all ensures safety in workplace with proper mental satisfaction which keeps everyone happy and content. commitment to continuous development All the professionals should be responsible as well as accountable for their own performance. When coming into the profession, they should make up the mind that they are serving human and they should provide compassion, empathy and dedication to make their best to serve human kind (Orton Hocking, 2017). They should therefore take continuous professional development to develop their knowledge and skills with evidence based practices and attending training courses so that they can provide the best care to patients which are modern. Rigorous systems of response to incidence Every healthcare professional should respond to different incidences occurring in the organization starting form patient complaints, nursing issues, conflicts of power, work pressure issues and others. When the issues will be properly handled by responsible stakeholders, it will automatically lead to smooth flow of work in the healthcare (Smith, Latter Blenkinsopp, 2014). key organizational and clinical performance indicators Some of the abovementioned indicators are clinical effectiveness and safety measurement of interventions, efficiency of services provided by individuals, staff orientation and staff safety, responsive governance and environmental safety as well as patient centeredness (Hastings et al., 2014). Clinical management (Safety and quality) Clinical management in safety and maintenance of healthcare centers may be defined as the comprehensive management conducted by the stakeholders of the organizations by conducting duties and responsibilities that associate with the smooth uninterrupted flow of service delivery to the patient and at the same time ensure that care provided in high on quality and dedication (Currie et al., 2017). This may include proper allocation of nurse patient ratio, proper allocation of resources, proper management of conflicts and power, caring for the health of the professionals, management of skills of the professional, ensuring the conductance of proper training classes, taking of survey at intervals and many others. When all these are properly managed, it leads to safe and quality care of patients (Kwedza et al., 2017). Clinical management framework Clinical management framework mainly depends on five important factors that ensures proper quality is maintained or not in the organization. These are organizational leadership as well as strong management systems for the maintenance of culture of safety (Gauld Horsburgh, 2015). More importance would be given to quality improvement. Employers and managers should also involve in workforce development where the workers will not only be physically and mentally fit but are also happy and emotionally stable. Such workers produce higher productivity. The managers should also look over the consumers concerns. Their care and complaints and also provide strategies for community management. Clinical management structure A clinical management structure mainly works on four important foundations. These are managers first depicting what changes they need to take for clinical management and what goals they want to finalize. The second foundation mainly involves the taking of initiatives which put things in place as planned so that proper changes can be brought out to meet goals (Hastings et al., 2014). The third is the checking of the results that wherever the results brought out successful results or not. And the four foundations would be to implement the planned the goal or engage in the system which would ultimately lead to successful clinical management of the safety and quality practices of the system (Gauld Horsburg, 2014). Clinical management principles. Developing strategic directions and priorities for proper communication development among the stakeholders is an important principle. Besides, proper planned way of management, resource allocation, maintenance of a positive culture, complying with the legislative requirements; following of proper organizational cultures are some other principles (Prenestini et al., 2015). Correct evaluation of the performance for measuring quality and safety would be also taken during clinical management. Roles and responsibilities with proper clarity is another principle besides continuity of care for patients. References: Australian, R., New Zealand College Of Psychiatrists Clinical Practice Guidelines Team For Deliberate Self-Harm. (2016). Australian and New Zealand clinical practice guidelines for the management of adult deliberate self-harm.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Currie, J., Currie, J., Mateer, J., Mateer, J., Weston, D., Weston, D., ... Harding, J. (2017). Implementation of a clinical governance framework to 17 combat service support brigade, Australian army.International Journal of Health Governance,22(1), 15-24. Galletly, C., Castle, D., Dark, F., Humberstone, V., Jablensky, A., Killackey, E., ... Tran, N. (2016). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,50(5), 410-472. Gauld, R., Horsburgh, S. (2014). Measuring progress with clinical governance development in New Zealand: perceptions of senior doctors in 2010 and 2012.BMC health services research,14(1), 547. Gauld, R., Horsburgh, S. (2015). Healthcare professionals perceptions of clinical governance implementation: a qualitative New Zealand study of 3205 open-ended survey comments.BMJ open,5(1), e006157. Hastings, S. E., Armitage, G. D., Mallinson, S., Jackson, K., Suter, E. (2014). Exploring the relationship between governance mechanisms in healthcare and health workforce outcomes: a systematic review.BMC health services research,14(1), 479. Hastings, S. E., Armitage, G. D., Mallinson, S., Jackson, K., Suter, E. (2014). Exploring the relationship between governance mechanisms in healthcare and health workforce outcomes: a systematic review.BMC health services research,14(1), 479. Kwedza, R. K., Larkins, S., Johnson, J. K., Zwar, N. (2017). Perspectives of rural and remote primary healthcare services on the meaning and goals of clinical governance.Australian journal of primary health. Orton, Y., Hocking, C. (2017). Clinical governance: Implications for occupational therapists in Aotearoa New Zealand.New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy,64(1), 14. Prenestini, A., Calciolari, S., Lega, F., Grilli, R. (2015). The relationship between senior management team culture and clinical governance: Empirical investigation and managerial implications.Health care management review,40(4), 313-323. Smith, A., Latter, S. and Blenkinsopp, A., 2014. Safety and quality of nurse independent prescribing: a national study of experiences of education, continuing professional development clinical governance.Journal of advanced nursing,70(11), pp.2506-2517. Weller, J., Boyd, M., Cumin, D. (2014). Teams, tribes and patient safety: overcoming barriers to effective teamwork in healthcare.Postgraduate medical journal,90(1061), 149-154.

Summary of Discipline and Punish The Birth of Prison Essay Example

Summary of Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison Paper Foucault himself worked in hospitals—or rather, on mental asylums—and has had first-hand experiences on the realities of life which could make them come into the arms of madness. In fact, he has written on such subject matter (Madness and Unreason: History of Madness in the Classical Age published in 1961) and his other various experiences have also been influenced by the things around him and his experiences: Foucault’s work can be traced to events in his present day. The Order of Things would have been inspired by the rise of structuralism in the 1960s, for example, and the prison uprisings in the early 1970s would have inspired Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1975). (European Graduate School EGS, 2008) Many authors and other famous philosophers and writers were mainly inspired by what they saw in their lifetime or even some other author which they have read. In Foucault’s case, it was all three, as he was inspired by Nietzsche and the â€Å"uprisings† in his time. The book is a fusion of what can be called a history book and that of a book which contains opinions of a person, for that is exactly what the book brings—facts and fiction as Foucault gives factual evidences of what were supposedly recorded scenarios of prison life, while at the same time voicing out his convictions and opinions on the subject at hand: Punishment of a less immediately physical kind, a certain discretion in the art of inflicting pain, a combination of more subtle, more subdued sufferings, deprived of their visible display, should not all this be treated as a special case, an incidental effect of deeper changes? We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And yet the fact remains that a few decades saw the disappearance of the tortured, dismembered, amputated body, symbolically branded on face or shoulder, exposed alive or dead to public view. The body as the major target of penal repression disappeared. (Foucault, 1977, pp. 7-8) As what the introduction of this paper states, Michel Foucault mainly focuses on the history and development of the prison system or penal system of the western world. This includes the more horrifying acts of execution and punishment of the penal system and the more subtle forms of imprisonment later on (Foucault, 1977). It can be even concluded that the entire book may be a case study of some sort of how the penal system was born and changed and what led to these changes. Of course, these changes contributed to the modern technology which later developed, but more specifically, the changes can be attributed more to the fact that the world is changing, and times back then called for more orderly, effective, and systematic forms of punishment. Although the book contains many themes with regard to its context, there are still some which are more apparent than the others and needs to be focused on. The following section of this paper will focus on the four themes of the Michel Foucaults Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison. The Four Themes of Discipline and Punish As with all literary works and pieces, themes are important as they say what the whole masterpiece is driving at what is its point. More than what it is all about, the theme is a universal truth in which the work is supposed to portray, and this work by Michel Foucault naturally contains such themes. The Display of Authority One of the most prominent themes of the book is the blatant display of power and authority of the penal system and the implementers—or, in the case of 18th century, it was the executioners. They can be even regarded as ruthless as they showed no mercy to the criminal. A criminal deserved to be punished and the punishment must be executed no matter how immoral it may be—both for the criminal and member of the public who were watching (Foucault, 1977).

George Orwells Classic Essay on the Homeless

George Orwells Classic Essay on the Homeless Best known for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), George Orwell (pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair) was one of the most notable political writers of his day. The following short piece has been drawn from Chapter 31 of Orwells first book, Down and Out in Paris and London (1933), a semiautobiographical account of living in poverty in both cities. Though the word beggars is rarely heard nowadays, the ordinary human beings he describes are, of course, still with us. Consider whether or not you agree with Orwells thesis.After reading Why Are Beggars Despised you may find it worthwhile to compare the piece with two essays by Oliver Goldsmith: A City Night-Piece  and The Character of the Man in Black. Why Are Beggars Despised? by George Orwell 1 It is worth saying something about the social position of beggars, for when one has consorted with them, and found that they are ordinary human beings, one cannot help being struck by the curious attitude that society takes towards them. People seem to feel that there is some essential difference between beggars and ordinary working men. They are a race apart - outcasts, like criminals and prostitutes. Working men work, beggars do not work; they are parasites, worthless in their very nature. It is taken for granted that a beggar does not earn his living, as a bricklayer or a literary critic earns his. He is a mere social excrescence, tolerated because we live in a humane age, but essentially despicable. 2 Yet if one looks closely one sees that there is no essential difference between a beggars livelihood and that of numberless respectable people. Beggars do not work, it is said; but, then, what is work? A navvy works by swinging a pick. An accountant works by adding up figures. A beggar works by standing out of doors in all weathers and getting varicose veins, chronic bronchitis, etc. It is a trade like any other; quite useless, of course - but, then, many reputable trades are quite useless. And as a social type a beggar compares well with scores of others. He is honest compared with the sellers of most patent medicines, high-minded compared with a Sunday newspaper proprietor, amiable compared with a hire-purchase tout - in short, a parasite, but a fairly harmless parasite. He seldom extracts more than a bare living from the community, and, what should justify him according to our ethical ideas, he pays for it over and over in suffering. I do not think there is anything about a be ggar that sets him in a different class from other people, or gives most modern men the right to despise him. 3 Then the question arises, Why are beggars despised?- for they are despised, universally. I believe it is for the simple reason that they fail to earn a decent living. In practice nobody cares whether work is useful or useless, productive or parasitic; the sole thing demanded is that it shall be profitable. In all the modern talk about energy, efficiency, social service and the rest of it, what meaning is there except Get money, get it legally, and get a lot of it? Money has become the grand test of virtue. By this test beggars fail, and for this they are despised. If one could earn even ten pounds a week at begging, it would become a respectable profession immediately. A beggar, looked at realistically, is simply a businessman, getting his living, like other businessmen, in the way that comes to hand. He has not, more than most modern people, sold his honor; he has merely made the mistake of choosing a trade at which it is impossible to grow rich. (1933) Other Responses To find out how other readers have responded to this excerpt from Orwells Down and Out in Paris and London, visit the discussion board at reddit/r/books.

Why Do Teachers Plan Their Lessons Why is Planning Important Coursework

Why Do Teachers Plan Their Lessons Why is Planning Important - Coursework Example For a teacher to make a good lesson plan, it is necessary that he reflect on what the need of the students in that particular lesson will be so that he can be able to accommodate them in his plan. Although educationalist regards lesson planning as very important in ensuring an effective teaching a learning process during a lesson, some theorists suggests that it is not a good idea since it creates a more fixed teacher centered lessons thus reducing the chance of the students understanding (ITTT 2011). The reasons why lesson planning is an important task can be revealed by looking at the way in which the lesson plan helps the three categories of people involved in a learning process. These three categories of people include the students, the teachers and the principals and supervisors. These three categories of people derive different benefits when a lesson plan is used during a lesson. The reasons for the importance of the lesson plan contributed by its benefits to other people rathe r than the teacher himself who is making it can be regarded as external reason while those that result from the benefits that the teacher himself would gain can be regarded as internal reasons. ... As indicated by previous researches the teachers who prepare the lesson plans always go to class with a better understanding of what they are going to teach compared to those who do not. It also indicates that the teachers who use lesson plan are able to obtain a wide range of knowledge about the subject matter in which to teach about before undertaking the lesson. This enables this kind of teachers to be able to run the teaching process effectively and thus enhancing the learning process among their students. The lesson plan also enables the lesson to run smoothly. Since in a lesson plan each activity is allocated its time a teacher can easily be able to ensure that the lesson is ran smoothly without major interruptions. Moreover, since the activities in a lesson plan are sequentially arranged a lesson plan can help a teacher to avoid running his lesson in a confused manner thus increasing the effectiveness of his teaching process. When the teaching process is run in an orderly and smooth manner, the learning process among the students is enhanced and thus resulting to a greater understanding among the students about the subject matter being taught. Another internal reason why a lesson plan is important is that it can enable a teacher to anticipate problems before they happen.If a lesson plan is well prepared, it is believed that it can enable the teacher to reflect about what problems he anticipates to encounter during a lesson. This is because it reflects on the past such lesson that the teacher held with those particular student, what was achieved in those lesson and the problems that were encountered. When the teacher is able to

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 24

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE - Essay Example On the other hand, technology has brought negative effects. Technology is slowly eroding our moral values due to availability of explicit content to the unintended users. The business world has experienced drastic changes over the years. I agree with you that videoconferencing has greatly improved communication in business. It has made business transactions to be more effective and efficient. Perhaps the most important improvement is on cost effectiveness. While it takes a lot of time and hundreds of dollars to travel across the globe for business meetings, web conferencing has made business operations more cost effective. However, we also need to question about the challenges brought by these technologies in modern business. For instance, what were some of the challenges that you faced during your internet meetings? What if there was internet breakdown? What about interception of sensitive information communicated over the internet? (Carroll and Buchholtz 348) Both sides of the coin need to be